HDB renovation: Verifying contractor's finish quality against specifications (checklist)

Check paint application (smoothness, coverage), tile alignment and grout quality, carpentry joints and finishes, and the proper functioning of installed fixtures.
Take photos/videos, note the location and description of the issue, and immediately inform your contractor in writing (email or letter).
Refer to your contracts dispute resolution clause, which may involve mediation or arbitration. You can also seek advice from CASE (Consumers Association of Singapore).
You can withhold a reasonable amount, proportionate to the cost of rectifying the defects, but communicate this clearly to the contractor with a list of outstanding issues.
This should be specified in your contract. If not, a reasonable timeframe (typically 1-2 weeks) should be agreed upon in writing.